What it means: the share of children in England who have had routine vaccines by a given age. The solid line is both doses of MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) by age 5; the fainter lines are the first MMR dose by age 2 (87.9% in the latest year) and the 6-in-1 vaccine by age 1, which protects against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, polio, Hib and hepatitis B. The World Health Organization says 95% coverage is needed to stop measles spreading; none of these has reached it in England in this period. All three have drifted down since the early 2010s. A change of half a point or more on the year before counts.

Source: OHID public health profiles, indicators 30303, 30309 and 30311, from UKHSA’s COVER vaccination data.