What it means: electricity used each year by type of user. Another 28.46 TWh was lost in the wires before reaching anyone. Heavy industry here means steel, other metals, chemicals, cement and glass, and paper; its use has fallen as plants have closed or cut output.

Data centres: official energy statistics do not count data centres separately; their use falls mostly under businesses. The government estimates that the UK has about 2 GW of data centre capacity, the power the buildings can draw, and says it will need at least 6 GW of capacity able to run AI by 2030, three times what exists now. Capacity is a better measure than the number of sites because sites vary hugely in size. There is no regular official count yet.

Source: DESNZ, Digest of UK Energy Statistics, table 5.2; data centre capacity from the UK Compute Roadmap.